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Note Remember that just like XML DOM, the parsing process will be affected when you preserve white space (refer to the discussion from 2 in the Dealing with White Space section). However, since LINQ to XML allows you to query the XML tree in flexible ways, white spaces will not create any problem as long as you are not relying on the count of elements in your logic.

crawl(link); } }

The WS-Transactions specifications define the mechanism for how applications running across Web Services domains can interoperate in a transactable manner. It is also designed to provide a means of composing transactional quality-of-service attributes into Web Services applications. The transaction standards are built on a number of other standards, including WS-Coordination for an extensible coordination framework, and specific types for different types of transactions, such as short-term atomic ones (WSAtomicTransaction) and longer-running business transactions (WS-BusinessActivity). WCF aims to allow these diverse specifications to be programmable using a single attribute-driven API. Later in this chapter, you ll build some simple WCF applications that implement security, reliability, and transactability under the hood so you won t have to worry about the complexity of dealing with their messaging structure manually.

Normal or abnormal termination should flag that work has completed regardless:

At times the XML data that you are processing might be using XML namespaces. In such cases you may want to find out information about the namespace the XML data is using. The Name property of the XElement class provides a convenient place to obtain all the information about namespaces. To illustrate the use of the Name property we will create an application as shown in Figure 13-13.

Software as a Service (SAAS) is a major initiative for the future of the Web This is an evolution of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), where a paradigm shift in how software is developed is taking place Instead of thinking of traditional application development, developers are encouraged to think about small, nimble, reusable components, and to build these as services that can be exposed reliably and securely across the network These components can then be assembled into distributed applications Using next-generation presentation technology, these applications can provide a great user experience At the heart of it all is the question of how we reuse the code that we write We want long-term returns on our investments in building software assets but how do we achieve this In the 1980s, object orientation was the craze.

} finally { setStopped(true); } }

Figure 13-13. Obtaining namespace information The application consists of a Load button that loads the Employees.xml file. The namespace details are then displayed in the Label controls. In this example we will use the Employees.xml file from Listing 2-21 in 2. A part of the complete file is provided in Listing 13-21.

TIP Most of the work of the crawler is carried out from within private methods. As with all good object-oriented designs, these hide the implementation details from the user of the class this is particularly important with a multithreaded design, since you will need to carefully isolate any code that might cause problems if two different threads were to execute it simultaneously.

It was based on the idea of building reusable abstract definitions of functionality (called classes), which provided the template for objects, and for more complex inherited objects So, for example, a class that defines a type of object called a car could be defined, and a more sophisticated object called a sports car could derive from this, inheriting (and thus reusing) the attributes of the original car class In a world where code was written procedurally, and most reuse was in cutting and pasting code from one routine to another, this was revolutionary It brought about new benefits such as polymorphism, where dynamic binding to methods and events could happen at runtime, and encapsulation, the facility to hide and expose certain parts of your code to the outside world However, the drawback was that once an application was built, it was built, and it was static.

This private method processes a buffer containing the contents of a robots.txt file and adds forbidden URLs to the appropriate list. The link for the robots.txt file is required to convert the relative disallowed paths into absolute URLs: